Literature Regarding the Second Victim Phenomenon
1. Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MS, eds. To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC: Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, Institute of Medicine. National Academies Press; 2000. ISBN: 9780309068376.
2. Kumar S. Fatal Care: Survive in the U.S. Health System. Minneapolis, MN: IGI Press; 2008. ISBN: 9780977712113.
3. Hilfiker D. Facing our mistakes. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:118-122. [go to PubMed]
4. Levinson W, Dunn PM. A piece of mind. Coping with fallibility. JAMA. 1989:261;2252. [go to PubMed]
5. Hilfiker D. Healing the Wounds: A Physician Looks at his Work. New York, NY: Pantheon Books; 1985. ISBN: 978-0394559063.
6.The mistake I'll never forget. Nursing. 1990;20:50-51. [go to PubMed]
7. Wu AW. Medical error: the second victim. The doctor who makes the mistake needs help too. BMJ. 2000;320:726-727. [go to PubMed]
8. Wu AW, Folkman S, McPhee SJ, Lo B. Do house officers learn from their mistakes? JAMA. 1991;265:16;2089-2094. [go to PubMed]
9. Christensen JF, Levinson W, Dunn PM. The heart of darkness: the impact of perceived mistakes on physicians. J Gen Intern Med. 1992;7:424-431. [go to PubMed]
10. Wu AW, Folkman S, McPhee SJ, Lo B. How house officers cope with their mistakes. West J Med. 1993;159:565-569. [go to PubMed]
11. Newman M. The emotional impact of mistakes on family physicians. Arch Fam Med. 1996;5:71-75. [go to PubMed]
12. Wolf ZR, Serembus JF, Smetzer J, Cohen H, Cohen M. Responses and concerns of healthcare providers to medication errors. Clin Nurse Spec. 2000;14:278-287. [go to PubMed]
13. Engel KG, Rosenthal M, Sutcliffe KM. Residents' responses to medical error: coping, learning, and change. Acad Med. 2006;81:86-93. [go to PubMed]
14. West CP, Huschka MM, Novotny PJ, et al. Association of perceived medical errors with resident distress and empathy: a prospective longitudinal study. JAMA. 2006;296:1071-1078. [go to PubMed]
15. White AA, Waterman A, McCotter P, Boyle D, Gallagher TH. Supporting health care workers after medical error: considerations for healthcare leaders. J Clin Outcomes Manage. 2008;15:240-247.
16. Denham CR. TRUST: The 5 rights of the second victim. J Patient Saf. 2007;3:107-119. [Available at]
17. Surveys on Patient Safety Culture. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2011. [Available at]
18. Scott SD, Hirschinger LE, Cox KR, McCoig M, Brandt J, Hall L. The natural history of recovery for the health care provider "second victim" after adverse patient events. Qual Saf Health Care. 2009;18:325-330.[go to PubMed]
19. Scott SD, Hirschinger LE, Cox KR, et al. Caring for our own: deployment of a second victim rapid response system. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2010;36:233-240. [go to PubMed]
20. Scott SD, Hirschinger LE, Cox KR. Sharing the load. Rescuing the healer after trauma. RN. 2008;71:38-40, 42-43. [go to PubMed]
21. Scott SD, Hirschinger LE, McCoig MM, Cox KR, Hahn-Cover K, Hall LW. The second victim. In: DeVita MA, Hillman K, Bellomo R, eds. Textbook of Rapid Response Systems. New York, NY: Springer; 2011:321-330. ISBN: 9780387928524.
22. Carr S. Disclosure and Apology: What's Missing? Chestnut Hill, MA: Medically Induced Trauma Support Services, Inc.; 2009.
23. Conway J, Federico F, Stewart K, Campbell MJ. Respectful Management of Serious Clinical Adverse Events. Institute for Healthcare Improvement. Cambridge, MA: Institute for Healthcare improvement; 2010. [Available at]
24. Wolf ZR. Health care providers’ experiences with making fatal medication errors. In: Cohen M, ed. Medication Errors, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmacists Association; 2007:43-51.
25. Rassin M, Kanti T, Silner D. Chronology of medication errors by nurses: accumulation of stresses and PTSD symptoms. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2005;26:873-886.
